The Suez War of 1956 .. Who won the war? Written by: Amr Sabeh.

The Suez War of 1956 .. Who won the war?
Written by: Amr Sabeh.

The goals of the Suez War 1956:
- To overthrow the regime of Gamal Abdel Nasser.
-  To recover the Suez Canal Company.
-  To make an example out of Egypt to frighten any country that has the audacity to try and recover its stolen rights.

What was the outcome of the 1956 Suez War?
- Triumph of the regime of Gamal Abdel Nasser, emerging stronger than it was before the aggression.
- Full restitution of the Suez Canal.
- Initiation of the process of Egyptianization and confiscation of the property of all forces involved in the attack, and the restitution of property to Egypt.
- Downfall of the governments of Eden, Prime Minister of Britain, Guy Mollet, Prime Minister of France, and David Ben-Gurion, Prime Minister of the Zionist entity, after they failed attempt to overthrow the regime of Gamal Abdel Nasser.
- Withdrawal of the aggressor forces from the Egyptian territories and the Gaza Strip.
-  Termination of the 1954 agreement between the United Kingdom and Egypt providing for the evacuation of Britain’s troops. 
- Egypt became the destination for all revolutionaries around the world, and Gamal Abdel Nasser a global revolutionary symbol and leader of the national liberation movement. The journey to development began by rebuilding Egypt, implementing a comprehensive integrated Renaissance project in all aspects of life.
-  Commencement of the construction of the High Dam, the greatest engineering and development project of the twentieth century, financed with Egyptian capital, in cooperation with the Soviet Union.
- Large sectors in Egypt and the Arab world became aware of the role of the Zionist entity in the region, after their involvement in the Suez War with the aim of launching a pre-emptive strike against Egypt. It should be noted that the Zionists were not directly concerned with the Suez Canal issue, proving that the Arab-Zionist conflict transcends the areas of land and borders, and that the Zionists -bridgehead of the colonial powers- became a constant issue based on practical experience. The  functional role of the Zionist entity is to put an immediate stop to any attempt made by Arab countries to advance and rise.
- Israel gained the right to transit in the Gulf of Aqaba, which was guaranteed by the United States. 

At the national level:
Gamal Abdel Nasser could not move forward with the policies of Egyptianization (to replace foreign capital with national capital), then with the nationalization until after the world map and parties’ positions towards the national liberation project became clear for Abdel Nasser.

First: (The West has become a clear opponent, thereby the Egyptianization policy became an urgent necessity, going beyond mere economic needs.)

Second: The anti-revolutionary forces realized they were in a difficult position. It should be noted that they were represented in large numbers of real estate owners and compradores associated with foreign capitalist monopolies, especially in the sectors of banking and insurance, and finance in general.

Third: Screening at the regional and Arab levels. The Arab reactionaries expressed their hostility towards the Abdel Nasser project after the end of the 1956 war, and they attempted to limit the Egyptian role, seeking to block Abdel Nasser inside Egypt, for fear of the principles of the Egyptian revolution, reaching their countries and toppling their thrones. 

- At the level of the relationship with the Soviet Union:

The leaders of Kremlin realized that the leadership of Gamal Abdel Nasser belongs to the small and middle bourgeoisie (lower and middle classes of the middle class). They led an expanded popular alliance to achieve national liberation, thereby negating the role of communist leaders of the colonial countries, as well as of the semi-colonies (3rd World).
Even if the popularization of the conclusion drawn from the Egyptian experience was proven to be a failure, and even though impacting the the 20th Congress of the Soviet Communist Party, in general, the success of the Egyptian alliance, along with its popularization, was used to justify coexistence between the socialist and capitalist camps, although, subsequently, Gamal Abdel Nasser himself after accumulating different experiences as a revolutionary leader adopted the socialist ideology explicitly, by enacting the laws of July 1961, followed by the national liberation. Gamal Abdel Nasser followed the same path of Moscow, which had wagered on the separation between socialism and national liberation.

- Despite all of the above, some say that the American interference was the cause of victory?
The answer to their question is in the Western documents, which became available for consultation in 2000. These documents prove that the United States of America was the fourth party in the aggression, and that its Navy carriers transported the French and British troops to the Egyptian shores, and that the USA was aware in advance of Israel's involvement in the attack against Egypt. The original plan of the aggression was for the invading forces to reach Cairo within 3 days, provoking popular demonstrations chanting to overthrow Gamal Abdel Nasser.

In 1998, which marked the 200th anniversary of the French Invasion o Egypt, the French government commissioned the French writer and historian "Robert Solé" to write a book on Egyptian-French relations during the period between the sixteenth and twentieth centuries. The book was entitled "Egypt: French passion".

In 1999, Professor Latif Farag translated the book into Arabic, and the book was published as part of a book series in Egypt’s book Fair “Reading for All”. On page 312 of the Arabic edition, the writer narrates the details of the French government's negotiations with President Mohamed Naguib through a French intelligence officer named "Jacques Pitt" who came to Egypt secretly, after President Abdel Nasser has nationalized the Suez Canal Company. He was delegated by the French Prime Minister Guy Mollet to negotiate with Mohamed Naguib over the replacement of Gamal Abdel Nasser, and the formation of a government of national unity that is not hostile to the West, designed to prepare the public opinion to the conduction of peace negotiations with the Israelis. According to Jacques Pitt, Naguib agreed to these proposals, but he also stipulated that the British accept his assumption of power after Gamal Abdel Nasser, whether by killing him or capturing him alive in preparation for his trial.

However, the invaders remained in Port Said only for 10 days, without being able to fully control the city, and the demonstrations that emerged were against the aggression and in favor of Gamal Abdel Nasser. It was impossible to contact Major General Mohamed Naguib after President Abdel Nasser’s order to transfer him to the Upper Egypt.

It was the heroic resistance, along with the international position supporting Egypt, and the threat of military intervention by the Soviet Union against the forces of aggression, as well as striking London, Paris and Tel Aviv with missiles, that drove the US administration out of the unsuccessful coalition, although US President Eisenhower had already signed a plan to kill President Nasser during the aggression. In his memoirs, he said that after the aggression has failed to achieve its goal of toppling Nasser, from the outside, the American plans changed to bringing Nasser down, from the inside, as well as to assassinate him.

The Suez Canal Company embodied Egypt’s tragedy during the reign of Muhammad Ali Pasha, on various dimensions. The Canal that was constructed on the land of Egypt by the efforts of tens of thousands of Egyptians who poured their blood before the sea water flowed in it, was stolen from Egypt, and the Suez Canal Company became a state within a state, with its own flag, code, intelligence apparatus, and neighborhood forbidden to enter for the Egyptians.
The President of the Company was treated as Heads of State; he was glorified and appreciated, noting that an Egyptian official would not dare to hold him accountable for any matter. 

The American, French and Israeli documents substantiate that this company paid 400 million pounds from Egypt’s funds to support the military effort of the allies during the World War II, and it also paid huge amounts of money, estimated at tens of millions of pounds to the Zionist movement in Palestine, as donations in support of the national project of the Jews.
After the establishment of Israel, the Suez Canal Company management set up offices for information and intelligence coordination to communicate with the Mossad, and it also continued to pay from Egyptian funds to support the Zionist entity. 
The company's future plans were all based on the extension of the concession contract for a new 99 years.
May God rest the souls of Gamal Abdel Nasser, the heroes of the nationalization epic, and the martyrs of Egypt of the 1956 war.

These were the outcomes of the 1956 War.. Who then has won the war?