Chad Independence Day 

Chad is located in the heart of the African continent and is bordered by six countries: Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon to the southwest, and Nigeria to the west. Its area is 1,284,000 square kilometers, with a population of around sixteen million people. In the past, it was ruled by the Kingdom of Kanem, established in the year 600 by King Dugu Ibrahim. It expanded to become an empire in the year 900, encompassing a large part of Niger, Nigeria, and southern Algeria. However, it later contracted back into a kingdom.

Subsequently, the region saw the establishment of the Bagirmi Kingdom in 1500, followed by the Wadai Kingdom in 1612. These three kingdoms ruled until the French colonial presence began in 1900. The French colonial influence was resisted by these kingdoms until they fell under French control by 1917. The colonial period persisted until August 11, 1960, which was preceded by Chad declaring itself a republic on November 28, 1958.

The first president of Chad was Ngarta Tombalbaye, who ruled with an iron fist until April 13, 1975. After a coup orchestrated by France, the country was managed by a transitional military council for over three years. Chad entered a civil war for power until 1982 when it was seized by Hissène Habré, supported by France. Eight years later, after France grew tired of him, he was expelled, and his military commander, Colonel Idriss Déby Itno, came into power. He ruled for 31 years until his sudden death in April 17-18, 2020, during a confrontation with rebels in the northern part of the country. He was succeeded by his son, Mohammed Idriss Déby, marking the second celebration for President Mohammed Idriss since he assumed power as the head of the transitional military council.